Description |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a first homolog of ACE, regulates the renin angiotensin system (RAS) by counterbalancing ACE activity. Accumulating evidence in recent years has demonstrated a physiological and pathological role of ACE2 in the cardiovascular, renal and respiratory systems. ACE2 also has an important role in blood pressure control. The extracellular region of the ACE2 enzyme is composed of two domains. The first is a zinc metallopeptidase domain (residues 19-611). The second domain is located at the C-terminus (residues 612-740) and is 48% identical to human collectrin.. A physiological role for ACE2 has been implicated in hypertension, cardiac function, heart function and diabetes, and as a receptor of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. In the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ACE, AngII, and AT1R promote the disease pathogenesis, whereas ACE2 and the AT2R protect from ARDS. Importantly, ACE2 has been identified as a key SARS-coronavirus receptor and plays a protective role in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pathogenesis. |