Liposoma

About LIPOSOMA

LIPOSOMA was founded in 2013 by Asha van Rooijen with the aim of bringing clodronate liposomes to the research market. The Dutch company is headquartered in Amsterdam.

Clodronate liposomes are an interesting tool to conduct immunological research. The chemically modified liposomes are used in studies of autoimmune diseases, transplantation, neurological disorders and gene therapy. The company's expansion has opened up new areas of research, such as vitamin preparations and medical nutrition.

Currently, LIPOSOMA offers liposomal and other lipid-based products as a CMO and branded provider, and provides platform technology for a wide range of healthcare products.

Why does the LIPOSOMA company convince us in liposome technology?

LIPOSOMA has more than 40 years of experience in the development of liposomal formulations and applications. The experience and knowledge is applied to the development of their products and integrated into their liposome technology.

Product description and mechanism

The phospholipid double membrane of liposomes is composed of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. All formulations are suspended in sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS buffer).

• 10 mM Na2HPO4
• 10 mM NaH2PO4
• 140 mM NaCl

Liposomes are protected from clumping by a slight negative charge. There are different liposome diameters.

Different types of liposomes are available

Liposomes are artificially produced lipid double-membrane vesicles that have two hydrophilic regions inside. One is in the interspace of the hydrophilic heads of the fatty acids directed towards each other and the other is in the interior of the vesicle.

Clodronate is a molecule that finds medical utility in tumor and metastasis therapy of bone and/or in osteoporosis. In experimental medicine it is used for selective degradation of macrophages, here it induces apoptosis when deposited and accumulated.

1. Clodronate liposomes - Clodronate molecules,in the form of CH2Na2Cl2O6P2 - 4 H2O, are incorporated in the hydrophilic regions of clodronate liposomes. The concentration of clodronate in the suspension is about 5 mg / mL.
2. Clodronate SUV liposomes consist of a single phospholipid bilayer and enclose PBS-Pffer containing clodronate.
3. Clodronate SUV PEG liposomes consist of a single phospholipid bilayer and enclose PBS pepper containing clodronate.A special PEG-containing lipid is added to the composition.
4. PBS liposomes - only PBS buffer is encapsulated in these liposomes. They do not contain clodronate and are therefore suitable as controls.
5. Fluorescent DiI liposomes - these liposomes contain a PBS buffer labeled with the fluorochrome DiI. The fluorochrome is lipophilic and therefore contrasts lipid membranes. The liposomes do not contain clodronate, but are suitable for investigating whether liposomes injected via a specific route of administration can reach the macrophages of interest.

In the following there is a selection of products by LIPOSOMA presented for you.

Mechanism of clodronate liposomes

Clodronate would be excreted renally very rapidly in an organism free and would not enter the cell interior. By being packaged in liposomes, clodronate can be taken up by macrophages.

The clodronate liposomes are "eaten" by macrophages, i.e., taken up into the cell interior by endocytosis. Once inside, the liposomes fuse with lysosomes, which contain phospholipases. These are enzymes that break down the lipid double membrane. This leads to the release of clodronate molecules, which accumulate more inside the macrophage cell. The more liposomes are cleaved, the more clodronate is released.

Ultimately, the above-described accumulation of clodronate in the macrophage leads to apoptosis.

Application

Clodronate liposomes can be used to study macrophage functions, by depleting macrophages. However, they can only be used when they reach the macrophage and no tissue barriers are present.

PBS liposomes are mainly used for control purposes. However, they can also block phagocytosis by saturation for a certain time. Thus, PBS liposomes do not represent a control experiment with normal healthy, non-blocked, non-suppressed and non-activated macrophages. Therefore, when comparing the effects of clodronate liposomes with PBS liposomes, the effects may be less than expected.

We are very pleased to have a successful collaboration with our partner LIPOSOMA!

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