Curcumin

458-37-7

C21H20O6

DMSO : >= 100 mg/mL (271.46 mM); H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

Epigenetics; Autophagy; Epigenetics; NF-kappaB; Autophagy

Curcumin (Turmeric yellow) is a natural phenolic compound with diverse pharmacologic effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. Curcumin is an inhibitor of p300 histone acetylatransferase (HATs) and also shows inhibitory effects on NF-kappaB and MAPKs. IC50 & Target: Keap1-Nrf2^[1], Histone acetyltransferase^[6] In Vitro: Curcumin exerts its chemopreventive effects partly through the activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-2 related) factor 2 (Nrf2) and its antioxidant and phase II detoxifying enzymes^[1]. Curcumin inhibits T47D cells growth, with IC₅₀s of 25, 19 and 17.5 uM for 24, 48 and 72 h MTT assays respectively. IC₅₀s of curcumin and silibinin mixture against T47D cells, are 17.5, 15, and 12 uM for 24, 48, and 72 h exposure times, respectively^[2]. Curcumin (2.5-80 uM) induces apoptotic cell death in AGS and HT-29 cell lines, and the IC₅₀ is 21.9+/-0.1, 40.7+/-0.5 uM, respectively, in both AGS and HT-29 cell lines. Curcumin-induced apoptosis requires caspase activities in AGS and HT-29 cells. Curcumin induces ER Ca²⁺ decline and mitochondrial Ca²⁺ overloading^[3]. Curcumin induces the G2/M cell cycle arrest of LNCaP and PC-3 cells in a dose dependent manner. Curcumin upregulates the protein level of NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha and downregulates protein levels of c-Jun and AR^[5]. In Vivo: Curcumin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly prevents decrease in the percentage of sucrose consumption, as compared to the CMS-exposed rats. Curcumin treatment results in significant prevention of increase in TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in stressed rats^[4]. Curcumin decreases binding of p300/CREB-binding protein (CBP) at the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promoter at 20 mg/kg (i.p.), reduces binding of P300/CBP at the BDNF promoter at 40 mg/kg, and decreases binding all the four proteins of p300/CBP and H3K9ac/H4K5ac at the BDNF promoter at 60 mg/kg in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats^[6].