Recombinant Human High mobility group protein B1(HMGB1),partial

Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling

Not Test

Homo sapiens (Human)

GKGDPKKPRGKMSSYAFFVQTCREEHKKKHPDASV NFSEFSKKCSERWKTMSAKEKGKFEDMAKADKARY EREMKTYIPPKGETKKKFKDPNAPKRPPSAFFLFC SEYRPKIKGEHPGLSIGDVAKKLGEMWNNTAADDK QPYEKKAAKLKEKYEKDIAAYRAKGKPDAAKKGVV KAEKSKKKKEEEEDEEDEEDEEEEEDEEDEDEEED DDDE

2-215aa

26.8 kDa

Multifunctional redox sensitive protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. In the nucleus is one of the major chromatin-associated non-histone proteins and acts as a DNA chaperone involved in replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair and genome stability. Proposed to be an universal biosensor for nucleic acids. Promotes host inflammatory response to sterile and infectious signals and is involved in the coordination and integration of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the cytoplasm functions as sensor and/or chaperone for immunogenic nucleic acids implicating the activation of TLR9-mediated immune responses, and mediates autophagy. Acts as danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that amplifies immune responses during tissue injury. Released to the Extracellular domain environment can bind DNA, nucleosomes, IL-1 beta, CXCL12, AGER isoform 2/sRAGE, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and activates cells through engagement of multiple surface receptors. In the Extracellular domain compartment fully reduced HMGB1 (released by necrosis) acts as a chemokine, disulfide HMGB1 (actively secreted) as a cytokine, and sulfonyl HMGB1 (released from apoptotic cells) promotes immunological tolerance (PubMed:23519706, PubMed:23446148, PubMed:23994764, PubMed:25048472). Has proangiogdenic activity (By similarity). May be involved in platelet activation (By similarity). Binds to phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamide (By similarity). Bound to RAGE mediates signaling for neuronal outgrowth (By similarity). May play a role in accumulation of expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) proteins such as huntingtin (HTT) or TBP (PubMed:23303669, PubMed:25549101).

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4C for up to one week.

Nucleus, Chromosome, Cytoplasm, Secreted, Cell membrane, Peripheral membrane protein, Extracellular side, Endosome, Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment

Ubiquituous. Expressed in platelets (PubMed:11154118).

N-terminal 6xHis-tagged