Mouse TGF-beta 1 protein

Measured by its ability to inhibit cell proliferation of Mv-1-lu mink lung epithelial cells. The ED50 for this effect is 0.2-0.8 ng/mL.

Human Cells

Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4

Always centrifuge tubes before opening. It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Mouse TGF-beta 1 protein in sterile ddH2O not less than 100ug/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

The product is shipped at ambient temperature.

TGF-beta 1 is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family. The transforming growth factor-beta family of polypeptides are involved in the regulation of cellular processes, including cell division, differentiation, motility, adhesion and death. TGF-beta 1 positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It inhibits the secretion and activity of many other cytokines including interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and various interleukins. It can also decrease the expression levels of cytokine receptors. Meanwhile, TGF-beta 1 also increases the expression of certain cytokines in T cells and promotes their proliferation, particularly if the cells are immature. TGF-beta 1 also inhibits proliferation and stimulates apoptosis of B cells, and plays a role in controlling the expression of antibody, transferrin and MHC class II proteins on immature and mature B cells. As for myeloid cells, TGF-beta 1can inhibit their proliferation and prevent their production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. However, as with other cell types, TGF-beta 1 also has the opposite effect on cells of myeloid origin. TGF-beta 1 is a multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts. Once cells lose their sensitivity to TGF-beta1-mediated growth inhibition, autocrine TGF-beta signaling can promote tumorigenesis. Elevated levels of TGF-beta1 are often observed in advanced carcinomas, and have been correlated with increased tumor invasiveness and disease progression.

Transforming growth factor beta-1; TGFB1