Recombinant SARS-CoV-2, RBD Protein (Kappa, B1.617.1, India Variant)

The three clades of lineage B.1.617 are B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2, and B.1.617.3, shown in chronological order of detection. This kappa variant of SARS-CoV-2 (also known as B.1.617.1) emerged in India in October 2020 and increased in frequency in the United States in March 2021.1 The RBD mutation is L452R, E484Q. This variant seems to spread more easily and quickly than other variants, leading to potentially more COVID-19 cases.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family 2. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, which shares 79.6% identity with SARS-CoV, encodes four essential structural proteins: the spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid protein (N) 3. The S protein is a transmembrane, homotrimeric, class I fusion glycoprotein that mediates viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells 4. Each ~180 kDa monomer contains two functional subunits, S1 (~700 a.a) and S2 (~600 a.a), that mediate viral attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. S1 contains two major domains, the N-terminal (NTD) and C-terminal domains (CTD). The CTD contains the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on host cells 4-6. Although both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 bind the ACE2 receptor, the RBDs only share ~73% amino acid identity, and the SARS-CoV-2 RBD binds with a higher affinity compared to SARS-CoV 4, 7. The RBD is dynamic and undergoes hinge-like conformational changes, referred to as the “down” or “up” conformations, which hide or expose the receptor-binding motifs, respectively 8. Following receptor binding, S1 destabilizes, and TMPRSS2 cleaves S2, which undergoes a pre- to post-fusion conformation transition, allowing for membrane fusion 9, 10.

0.5 mg/ml

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