Mouse Anti-E. coli IgM Antibody Assay Kit

ELISA

Gel Packs

Bacterial toxins

Recent studies indicate environmental factors, especially intestinal microbiota and their toxins, may play pathogenic roles in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and other chronic disorders. It is possible that increased translocation of bacteria and bacterial toxins associated with high mucosal permeability and low immune function may be the primary and common pathogenesis of these autoimmune disorders. Mice are ideal experimental animals to test this hypothesis due to the variety in genetic backgrounds, strains, and housing conditions, such as germ free, gnotobiotic, specific pathogen free, and conventional, all of which can affect susceptibility to potential pathogens. These differences in susceptibility may be attributed to the maturity of the immune system, depending on the environment.

Pre-coat