AICAR (phosphate)

681006-28-0

C9H17N4O9P

H2O : >= 180 mg/mL (505.29 mM); DMSO : >= 75 mg/mL (210.54 mM)

Autophagy; Epigenetics; PI3K/Akt/mTOR; Autophagy

AICAR phosphate is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). IC50 & Target: AMPK^[1] In Vitro: HepG2 cells are treated with various concentrations of AICAR (0.1-1.0 mM) for 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. The expression level of IR-beta significantly decreases with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mM of AICAR at 48 h to 50%, 53%, and 46% of the control, respectively^[1]. In Vivo: Fourteen-week-old male, lean (L; 31.3 g body wt) wild-type andob/ob (O; 59.6 g body wt) mice are injected with the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activator AICAR (A) at 0.5 mg*g body wt^-1*day^-1 or saline control (C) for 14 days. At 24 h after the last injection (including a 12-h fast), all mice are killed, and the plantar flexor complex muscle (gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris) is excised for analysis. Muscle mass is lower in OC (159+/-12 mg) than LC, LA, and OA (176+/-10, 178+/-9, and 166+/-16 mg, respectively) mice, independent of a body weight change^[2]. The kidney weight is significantly higher in the untreated group when compared with both the exercise and AICAR (0.5 mg/g body wt) groups. The heart weight is higher in the exercise group than in the other groups, whereas the liver weight is significantly higher in the AICAR-treated group when compared with the exercise and untreated groups^[3].