Pioglitazone

111025-46-8

C19H20N2O3S

H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble); DMSO : 62.5 mg/mL (175.35 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Cell Cycle/DNA Damage

Pioglitazone is a potent and selective PPARgamma agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARgamma ligand-binding domain with EC₅₀ of 0.93 and 0.99 uM for human and mouse PPARgamma, respectively. IC50 & Target: EC50: 0.93 uM (human PPARgamma), 0.99 uM (mouse PPARgamma)^[1] In Vitro: AGEs-induced beta cell necrosis is completely abrogated by adding Pioglitazone to the AGEs culture medium. Furthermore Pioglitazone completely prevented any AGEs-induced increment in caspase-3 activation, thereby restoring caspase-3 activity to the same levels as the control cells. As expected AG is able to counteract AGEs-induced impaired viability^[2]. In Vivo: The serum-free fatty acid and triglyceride levels as well as adipocyte sizes in ob/ob and adipo^-/- ob/ob mice are unchanged after 10 mg/kg Pioglitazone but are significantly reduced to a similar degree after 30 mg/kg Pioglitazone. Moreover, the expressions of TNFalpha and resistin in adipose tissues of ob/ob and adipo^-/- ob/ob mice are unchanged after 10 mg/kg Pioglitazone but are decreased after 30 mg/kg Pioglitazone. Thus, Pioglitazone-induced amelioration of insulin resistance and diabetes may occur adiponectin dependently in the liver and adiponectin independently in skeletal muscle^[3]. Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg per d) treatment significantly attenuates the loss of body weight (BW) and cardiac hypertrophy. Pioglitazone treatment significantly reduces the elevated serum glucose levels and markedly improved the associated dyslipidemia. Furthermore, there is a slight but significant increase in serum creatinine level in D rats over their N controls (P <0.05). However, a marked renal dysfunction is observed in diabetic nephropathic (DN) group (P<0.05). Moreover, DN rats exhibits the highest serum activity of CK-MB, relative to both N and D rats (P<0.05). Pioglitazone is able to decrease the elevated serum levels of both creatinine and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)^[4].